Nonconscious Distress and a Centipede

[DISCLAIMER]

When undergoing graduate studies for social work (2012-2014), I’d already earned a master’s degree in counseling (2009-2011). In both graduate programs, I participated in amateur photography, as well as having used the tools of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).

Regarding the photo above, I set out for an evening of nighttime photography in 2013. I wanted to capture the scenic Pennybacker Bridge in Austin, Texas—where I attended the University of Texas at Austin. Along with my Canon EOS camera, I hauled other items for the photoshoot.

For instance, as is often the case, I took with me a Glock 36 (.45 ACP) pistol. If when shooting my camera an imminent danger threat presented itself, then my Canon EOS wasn’t going to be the only thing shooting on my photography excursion!

As I concluded the photoshoot in the dark, I packed my photography gear while standing underneath a tree overlooking the bridge. “Let’s see,” I thought, “do I have everything?” Indeed, I did. However, unbeknownst to me, one extra item would accompany me on my journey home.

As I sat in my parked vehicle, I felt a sharp sting on the back of my neck. “What the fuck was that!?” I asked myself, reaching back with my hand to assess the situation while experiencing fear. For clarity, the American Psychological Association thusly defines fear:

[A] basic, intense emotion aroused by the detection of imminent threat, involving an immediate alarm reaction that mobilizes the organism by triggering a set of physiological changes. These include rapid heartbeat, redirection of blood flow away from the periphery toward the gut, tensing of the muscles, and a general mobilization of the organism to take action (see fear response; fight-or-flight response).

Fear differs from anxiety in that the former is considered an appropriate short-term response to a present, clearly identifiable threat, whereas the latter is a future-oriented, long-term response focused on a diffuse threat.

Some theorists characterize this distinction more particularly, proposing that fear is experienced when avoiding or escaping an aversive stimuli and that anxiety is experienced when entering a potentially dangerous situation (e.g., an animal foraging in a field where there might be a predator). Whatever their precise differences in meaning, however, the terms are often used interchangeably in common parlance. See also fright.

Sitting in the driver’s seat of my car while afraid, my hand swept against a solid object on my neck. I reasoned that it was the collar of my shirt, as I jumped the fuck outta my parked car to clear any potential foreign objects. All I could physically feel was pain radiating in my neck.

Simultaneously, I psychologically felt negative, though healthy fear. Deciding to go home and properly assess the matter, away I went. Once in my garage, I unloaded gear from my vehicle. That’s when I saw a brownish-red centipede that was about five inches long!

It was resting on the floorboard of the passenger’s area behind my seat. “That’s what stung me,” I concluded. I then promptly extracted the unwelcomed guest with a broom and it scurried from my garage. Now, I invite you to contemplate a psychoeducational lesson regarding this matter.

REBT uses the ABC model to illustrate that when an undesirable Action occurs and you Believe an unhelpful narrative about the event, it’s your unfavorable assumption, not the occurrence itself, that causes an unpleasant Consequence. This is known as distress or disturbance.

Noteworthy, with virtually any undesirable Action that occurs, it’s your unfavorable Beliefs which cause unpleasant distress or disturbance (Consequence). Given this framing of self-distress and self-disturbance, it’s worth noting that one REBT source states (page 71):

REBT conceptualizes [distress] as healthy even though it is intense. Other approaches to therapy have as their goal the reduction of the intensity of negative emotions. They take this position because they do not keenly differentiate between healthy negative emotions (distress) and unhealthy negative emotions (disturbance).

Now, REBT keenly distinguishes between healthy distress and unhealthy disturbance. Healthy distress stems from your rational beliefs about a negative activating event [Action], whilst disturbance stems from your irrational beliefs about the same event.

Complete elimination of distress is highly unlikely in an impermanent and uncertain world wherein people conceptually suffer, struggle, and battle with, or merely experience hardship. Still, individuals often make matters worse for themselves by disturbing about such instances.

It’s worth noting that beliefs can stem from both the conscious and nonconscious areas of the mind. For context, the APA defines the conscious as “the region of the psyche that contains thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and other aspects of mental life currently present in awareness.”

As well, the APA defines the nonconscious as “describing that which is not explicitly in the contents of conscious experience,” “describing any cognitive process or event that is not available to introspection or report,” and, “a synonym for unconscious.”

In particular, there are four predominate irrational beliefs which people often use to distress or disturb themselves: global evaluations, low frustration tolerance, awfulizing, and demandingness. When contemplating these unproductive beliefs, think of the acronym GLAD.

Worth noting, the two forms of should, must, and ought demands with which people most often distress or disturb are associated with use of absolutistic and conditional beliefs. Generally speaking, these scripts serve as inflexible commands used toward oneself, others, and life.

An absolute must narrative is, “You absolutely must do as I say!” A conditional should narrative is, “Either you should do as I say, or you should be punished!” Noteworthy, in REBT literature, demandingness of this sort is said to function as a primary appraisal mechanism of self-upset.

Global evaluations (i.e., self-downing, other-downing, and life-downing), low frustration tolerance (also known as frustration intolerance), and awfulizing (e.g., terrible, horrible, etc.) function as secondary appraisal mechanisms. Together, GLAD will make you sad or mad, etc.

While still functioning as prescriptive rather than descriptive, flexible use of recommendatory, preferential, ideal, empirical, moral and ethical, and legal ought beliefs won’t inevitably cause disturbance, as they may align with distress. Rigidity versus flexibility makes a difference.

It’s worth stating that the APA defines distress as “the negative stress response, often involving negative affect and physiological reactivity: a type of stress that results from being overwhelmed by demands, losses, or perceived threats,” and, “a negative emotional state in which the specific quality of the emotion is unspecified or unidentifiable.”

Now, from a psychological standpoint, people distress or disturb themselves using a Belief-Consequence (B-C) connection. Of course, this isn’t to suggest that in the context of the naturalistic or physical world there is no Action-Consequence (A-C) connection.

From an A-C view, a centipede stung me (Action) and I experienced physical and psychological reactivity (Consequence). Specifically, my neck stung (i.e., feeling of sensation) and I was afraid (i.e., feeling of emotion). While the physical pain is relatively straightforward, the fear isn’t.

From a B-C perspective, a centipede stung me (Action) and I plausibly Believed, “This photography trip was meaningless [G], because I can’t tolerate being injured by something when enjoying my hobby [L], as that’s a horrific matter [A], and I mustn’t be in danger [D]!”

Did I consciously use this GLAD script when being stung by a centipede? No. Therefore, though I can’t offer any evidence for proof, something akin to this self-narrative conceivably occurred nonconsciously. This begs an obvious question regarding negative emotions.

If I nonconsciously told myself the aforementioned GLAD narrative, then I likely would’ve endured negative, though unhealthy disturbance (e.g., terror). However, I’ve already indicated that I experienced negative, but healthy distress (i.e., fear).

Addressing how people upset themselves with unhelpful attitudes, the ABC model incorporates Disputation of unproductive philosophies of life in order to explore Effective new beliefs. Whereas rigid beliefs cause self-disturbance, flexible beliefs result in an un-disturbed condition.

How can I accurately assess, after the fact, what I told myself in 2013 that caused negative, though healthy distress? I can’t. Even when the undesirable event occurred 13 years ago, I wasn’t consciously aware of what I was telling myself, even though I was familiar with REBT.

Therefore, what Beliefs was I aware of which required Disputing? I haven’t a clue. This is the difficulty when examining imminent danger Actions during which a Consequence such as fear occurs. Whatever one tells oneself nonconsciously isn’t known at the time.

The same matter could apply to an imagined scenario of an imminent danger threat in the form of a human, rather than a centipede, presenting itself during my photoshoot. If the situation warranted deadly force, then it would likely have been difficult to articulate why I was scared.

I pose this matter, not to confuse you, though for your consideration regarding the ABC model. Sometimes, after an undesirable event, you can carefully assess what it was that you may’ve told yourself in the moment. Yet, concerning the nonconscious, it may be hard to identify.

If you’re looking for a provider who tries to work to help understand how thinking impacts physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral elements of your life—helping you to sharpen your critical thinking skills, I invite you to reach out today by using the contact widget on my website.

As a psychotherapist, I’m pleased to try to help people with an assortment of issues ranging from anger (hostility, rage, and aggression) to relational issues, adjustment matters, trauma experience, justice involvement, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, and other mood or personality-related matters.

At Hollings Therapy, LLC, serving all of Texas, I aim to treat clients with dignity and respect while offering a multi-lensed approach to the practice of psychotherapy and life coaching. My mission includes: Prioritizing the cognitive and emotive needs of clients, an overall reduction in client suffering, and supporting sustainable growth for the clients I serve. Rather than simply trying to help you to feel better, I want to try to help you get better!

Deric Hollings, LPC, LCSW

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